OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What contribution did Rosalind Franklin make to the understanding of DNA?

  1. She discovered the function of DNA

  2. She created the first genetic map

  3. She took an x-ray image showing its double helix structure

  4. She synthesized the first DNA molecule

The correct answer is: She took an x-ray image showing its double helix structure

Rosalind Franklin's most significant contribution to the understanding of DNA was taking an x-ray diffraction image that revealed its double helix structure, famously known as Photograph 51. This image provided critical evidence of the helical nature of DNA, leading to the understanding of how genetic information is stored and replicated. It showed the density of DNA and helped decipher the dimensions of the molecule, aiding in the eventual discovery of the double helix structure by researchers James Watson and Francis Crick. Franklin's meticulous work in the field of X-ray crystallography was pivotal in establishing the structural basis of DNA, which is crucial for its biological functions.

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