OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What do arteries branch into?

Veins
Capillaries
Venules
Arterioles

The correct answer is: Arterioles

Arteries branch into arterioles, which are smaller blood vessels that lead to capillaries. This branching process is crucial for the distribution of oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body. As arteries divide, they become progressively smaller and help regulate blood flow by constricting or dilating, which is essential for maintaining blood pressure and directing blood to areas where it is needed most. Arterioles play a vital role in the circulatory system as they transition from the larger arteries to the microscopic capillary networks, where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occurs with tissues.