OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is a key feature of palisade cells that enhances photosynthesis?

  1. Thin cell walls to absorb nutrients

  2. Rectangular shape for a large surface area

  3. Presence of chloroplasts only on one side

  4. Ability to store excess sugars

The correct answer is: Rectangular shape for a large surface area

The rectangular shape of palisade cells is significant because it maximizes the surface area exposed to sunlight, which is crucial for photosynthesis. This structural adaptation allows for more chloroplasts to be packed into the cells, enabling them to capture more light energy necessary for the process of photosynthesis. Additionally, the arrangement of these cells in the upper part of the leaf, directly beneath the upper epidermis, further optimizes their exposure to light, facilitating efficient energy capture and ultimately promoting higher rates of photosynthesis in plants. This combination of shape and positioning makes palisade cells particularly effective at their role in converting light energy into chemical energy.

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