OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the fifth and final stage of mitosis?

The cytoplasm divides; two new cells are formed
Ploidy of cells changes from diploid to haploid
Chromosomes align in the center of the cell
Nuclear envelope starts to break down

The correct answer is: The cytoplasm divides; two new cells are formed

The fifth and final stage of mitosis is where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in the formation of two new cells. This stage is known as cytokinesis, which follows the actual process of mitosis that has separated the chromosomes into two distinct nuclei. During cytokinesis, the cell membrane pinches inwards, creating two separate daughter cells, each with an identical set of chromosomes. In contrast, the other choices describe different stages or events associated with mitosis or cellular processes that do not accurately represent the final state of mitosis. The change in ploidy referenced in one of the options pertains to meiosis rather than mitosis, where it is essential for the production of gametes rather than somatic cells. The alignment of chromosomes in the center of the cell occurs during metaphase, while the breakdown of the nuclear envelope happens at prophase. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes the completion of cell division, which is characterized by the formation of two new, genetically identical cells from one original cell.