OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the function of xylem and phloem in plants?

Photosynthesis
Water and food transport
Providing structural support
Storing energy

The correct answer is: Water and food transport

The function of xylem and phloem in plants primarily revolves around transport. Xylem is responsible for carrying water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, which is essential for processes such as photosynthesis and nutrient delivery. On the other hand, phloem transports the products of photosynthesis, specifically sugars, from the leaves where they are produced to other parts of the plant, including roots and fruits. This dual transportation system ensures that plants can efficiently distribute essential resources, which supports their growth and overall functioning. The other options, such as photosynthesis, providing structural support, and storing energy, relate to important functions within plants, but they do not accurately capture the primary roles of xylem and phloem in regards to transport.