OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What occurs in the brain the first time we learn a new skill?

1. An impulse travels along a different pathway, forming new connections between neurons

2. The neurons immediately regenerate and repair themselves

3. Connections between existing pathways become weaker

4. The brain shuts down to avoid confusion

The correct answer is: An impulse travels along a different pathway, forming new connections between neurons

When learning a new skill, the brain engages in a dynamic process where new pathways are established between neurons. This involves the formation of synaptic connections, which allows for effective communication and information processing among brain cells. The process is often referred to as neuroplasticity, where the brain adapts based on experiences and learning. As we practice and repeat a new skill, the specific neural pathways that facilitate that skill become stronger and more efficient due to the increased activity and reinforcement of those connections. This is why the establishment of new connections is fundamental to the learning process; it underpins our capacity to acquire and refine new abilities. Other choices suggest scenarios that do not accurately reflect the process of learning. For example, the idea that neurons regenerate and repair themselves is not how learning works; instead, existing connections are strengthened or newly formed. Similarly, the notion that existing connections weaken does not capture the essence of skill acquisition, which is about reinforcing and creating connections rather than diminishing existing ones. Lastly, the suggestion that the brain shuts down to avoid confusion contradicts the active engagement required for learning new skills.