OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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Why do trees seal the spots where leaves were attached before winter?

To prevent drying out
To retain essential fluids
To strengthen the branches
To support new leaf growth

The correct answer is: To retain essential fluids

Trees seal the spots where leaves were attached before winter primarily to retain essential fluids. This process occurs when trees undergo abscission, the shedding of leaves in response to changing environmental conditions, particularly the onset of colder temperatures and reduced daylight in winter. By sealing the spots where leaves have been detached, trees reduce the risk of water loss and prevent harmful pathogens from entering the plant through these wounds. This sealing also helps to protect the underlying tissues and ensures that vital nutrients and water stored internally are not lost, which is crucial for the tree's survival during harsh winter months. Although other choices relate to tree physiology, retaining essential fluids is the most directly related reason for this sealing process, directly impacting the tree's ability to endure winter and prepare for renewed growth in spring.