OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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Why is it important to consider the immune system’s response to heart valve replacements?

It determines the success of a bypass surgery
It affects the longevity of artificial valves
It could lead to rejection of transplant
It influences the need for medication

The correct answer is: It could lead to rejection of transplant

When considering heart valve replacements, understanding the immune system's response is crucial because it could lead to rejection of the transplant. The immune system is designed to identify and attack foreign substances in the body, including any implanted medical devices such as artificial heart valves. If the immune system recognizes the valve as a foreign object, it may initiate an immune response against it. This immune response can result in inflammation and may ultimately lead to the failure of the valve or its expulsion from the body, which can pose serious complications for the patient. Therefore, awareness of the potential for rejection is essential in evaluating the risks associated with heart valve replacements, including the monitoring and management of treatment to minimize these risks. While factors like the longevity of artificial valves and the need for medication also play important roles in post-surgery care, the immediate concern pertains to the risk of the immune system rejecting the implant itself. Hence, considering the immune response is a key aspect of ensuring the overall success of heart valve replacements.